Ophthalmology

Eye diseases are among the most common health problems. As life expectancy increases, almost everyone experiences at least one eye problem at some point in their lives.

Globally, at least 1 billion people live with some form of vision impairment. However, most of these conditions are preventable or treatable. When not diagnosed in time, vision loss can negatively affect individuals’ quality of life and place a significant burden on health systems and social care services. Vision problems can affect people of all ages but are most common in those over the age of 50. Severe vision loss in childhood may lead to lower academic performance, while in adults it can reduce work productivity, make workforce participation more difficult, and increase the risk of depression.

Vision loss and blindness are major health problems affecting people worldwide. In low- and middle-income countries, the burden is even greater due to more limited access to eye care services.

The most common causes of vision impairment include refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism) and cataracts. In addition, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy caused by diabetes, eye infections, and eye injuries are also important conditions that can lead to vision loss.

According to a study conducted in Türkiye, the prevalence of retinal vascular diseases in the adult population is approximately 1.4%. This means that around 950,000 people in Türkiye are living with retinal vascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusions.

Retinal diseases can lead to vision loss, making it difficult for individuals to live independently. Due to loss of productivity and increased care needs, these conditions place a long-term burden on both families and the national economy.

Most retinal diseases occur in individuals over the age of 60. Because access to treatment often requires a companion, both the individual and societal care burden increases. In addition, the need for regular follow-up visits during treatment can create additional challenges, particularly for elderly individuals and those with chronic diseases, such as transportation difficulties and the need for ongoing care.