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It is one of the most important medical developments affecting the lives of many people today.
Transplantation is the process of transplanting an organ from a donor to a patient in need. It is one of the most developed areas in the field of medicine in recent years.
Today, one of the most important medical developments that affect the lives of many people and enable them to hold on to life is transplantation procedures. Transplantation, which can be defined as the process of transplanting any organ taken from a donor to another patient in need, is one of the most important areas of improvement in the field of medicine.
The transplantation process, which is performed by replacing organs that are chronically disturbed or can no longer be transformed into a healthy state with healthy organs, can be performed by taking the organs from a cadaver or a living person.
All organ transplant operations are carried out with very modern technologies and techniques since especially organ transplant surgeries are critical and have fine details. However, although people are becoming more aware of this issue in our country and in the world, there are still many more patients awaiting transplantation. In this sense, organ transplant operations can be performed among people related up to the 4th degree in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health in our country. In addition, it is also important to know that there is a chance of transplantation between unrelated people. Organ transplantation can also be performed from people who are not related to the approval obtained from the Regional Ethics Committees. It should be reminded in this regard that being more sensitive about organ transplantation is an important task that will save more people's lives.
The most transplanted organs in our country are the liver and the kidney.
Kidney transplantation performed for our kidneys, which are among the vital organs of our body, is a medical procedure applied for dysfunctions such as chronic kidney failure. Apart from that, another treatment method used is dialysis. However, the dialysis treatment method can only perform some of the kidney functions. In addition, other problems such as refrainment from social areas including work and education, travel restriction, and developmental retardation may occur in dialysis treatment method especially in pediatric patients.
So much so that the only and definitive treatment of chronic kidney failure today is kidney transplantation. For this reason, people who are treated with kidney transplantation have a better quality of life compared to those treated with dialysis.
Attention should also be drawn to kidney failure in kidney transplantation, which is performed especially in the face of problems such as kidney failure. Renal failure, which is perhaps one of the most insidious health problems of our age, is a health problem experienced by more than 60 thousand people in our country.
Diabetes, high blood pressure, and kidney inflammation called nephritis can be considered as the most important causes of kidney failure. Renal failure disease, which progresses without any symptoms, occurs when the filtration process, which should be 80-100 in the kidneys, falls to 30 and below. Some of the symptoms observed during this stage are:
Swelling in the eyelids when waking up in the morning
Edema in hands and feet
Weakness
Foaming in the urine
Kidney transplantation is the most fundamental solution to the kidney failure problem revealed by all these symptoms. In order for a kidney transplantation to be performed, certain conditions should be met. As stated before, kidney transplantation is the most radical solution for the disease that has no solution other than dialysis or transplantation. Today, as a result of the advancement of medicine, kidney transplantation can be successfully performed even for children under 5 years old and adults over 65 years old. In our country, even an 82-year-old adult patient had an organ transplanted and continued their life as a healthy person.
Cardiac transplantation is the treatment of choice for most patients with end-stage heart failure whose symptoms persist despite optimal medical therapy.
Survival after cardiac transplantation has increased with advances in immunosuppressives and the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections after 1980-1990. The median survival after transplantation is around 85% in the 11th year and the 1st year. Most of the patients can return to their daily activities with improved quality of life, and a rapid increase in their exercise capacity is observed within about 2 months after the operation.
Liver transplantation is the process of removing an unhealthy liver from a person and transplanting a healthy one. It is applied for therapeutic purposes in cases such as liver diseases and acute liver failure which have recently become quite common. However, in the face of increasing cases of acute liver failure, unfortunately, donor organs are very limited and very difficult to find.
Liver transplantation, which is the only and definitive treatment method in liver failure, was first performed by Starlz in 1963 and spread rapidly all over the world. Although the first transplant was performed from a cadaver donor, a liver transplant with a living donor was successfully performed in 1989.
Since the early 1950s, solid organ transplantation has ceased to be an experimental procedure and become a standard treatment procedure in certain cases, increasing survival rates. Since 1954, when the first documented renal transplantation was performed between identical twins, it has come a long distance, paused for a period with rejection and multiple complications, and the modern age has been reached in solid organ transplantation after the discovery of immunosuppressives. Since 1980, the success of transplantation has increased with the development of antimicrobial agents, the application of preemptive and prophylactic strategies, improvements in imaging methods, and advances in immunosuppressive induction. The success rate of an estimated 114,690 solid organ transplantations performed worldwide in 2012 was found to be 90% (1st-year graft survival). In terms of frequency, renal transplant is followed by liver, heart, lung, and others (dual organ, pancreas, and intestinal transplantation), respectively.
